HAMKA PERMATA NEGARA

RIWAYAT HIDUP :

NAMA SEBENAR : Haji Abdul Malik bin As-syeikh Abdul Karim bin As-syeikh Muhammad Amrullah.

TARIKH LAHIR : tahu 1362H/1908M

TEMPAT LAHIR : minangkabau, Sumatera Barat.

MENINGGAL : 24 Julai 198M ( ketika berusia 73 tahun)

KEPERIBADIAN HAMKA :

• petah berpidato
• berjiwa seni- melalui gaya bahasa dalam pantun dan syaiir yang diciptanya.
• berani menaikkan semangat masyarakat menentang penjajah.

PENDIDIKAN HAMKA :

• mempelajari al-quran dan asas2 agama daripada bapanya. mendapat pendidikan rendah di SEKOLAH DESA PADANG PANJANG dan SEKOLAH AGAMA AT-TAWALIB
• banyak meghabiskan masa di perpustakaan untuk membaca buku buku falsafah, sejarah, dan politik negara. hamka turut mengkaji karya karya sarjana timur tengah.

KEGIGIHAN HAMKA MENGEMBANGKAN DAKWAH ISLAMIAH DI NUSANTARA.

• menerbitkan majalah KHATIBUL UMMAH pada usia 17 tahun.
• megasaskan Persatuan Hindia Timur tahun 1927 semasa di Mekah untuk memberi pelajaran kepada para jemaah haji Indonesia.
• mengangotai Pertubuhan Muhammadiah dan mengasaskan Kolej Al-Muballighin tahun 1935.
• menerbitkan majalah Pedoman Masyarakat tahun 1936 dan telah mengasaskan beberapa buah majalah yang bermotifkan dakwah.
• dilantik sebagai anggota pimpinan pusat Pertubuhan Muhammadiah tahun 1935.

SUMBANGAN HAMKA DALAM BIDANG ILMU DAN PEMIKIRAN

• tokoh ulama yang melakukan PEMBAHARUAN besar kepda umat islam di Nusantara.
• karya karya beliau dalam bidang agama, falsafah, dan kesusteraan menyentuh secara langsung kehidupan umat islam di rantau ini.
• beliau adalah penyambung idea Islah yang dibawa oleh As-syyid Jmalaluddin Al-afghani dan Muhammad Abduh.
• TAFSIR AL-AZHAR karangan beliau memberi keasna mendalam dalam bidang ilmu dan pemikiran umat islam.

HASIL HASIL KARYA HAMKA

• BIDANG AGAMA : tafsir Al-azhar, Tawasuf Moden, Arkanul Islam, dan Revolusi Agama
• BIDANG FALSAFAH : Falsafah Hidup, Lembaga Hidup, Falsafah Ideologi Islam, dan Pandangan Hidup Muslim.
• BIDANG SASTERA : Tenggelamnya Kapal Van Der Wijck, Laila Majnun, Di Bawah Lindungan Kaabah, dan Menunggu Beduk Berbunyi.

PERJUANGAN HAMKA :

• mengetuai Front Pertahanan Nasional untuk menyekat kemaraan Belanda.
• menganggotai Pertubuhan Muhammadiah dan menentang Khurafat , bidaah, dan tarikat kebatinan yang sesat. hasilnya, beliau menubuhkan Pusat Latihan Dakwah Muhammadiah.
• walaupun pernah dipenjara dan sering menghadapi rintangan, Hamka tetap gigih dan bersemangat meneruskan perjuangan.

HAMKA

(source : google )

thank for reading :)

RADIOACTIVITY

NUCLEUS OF AN ATOM

THE COMPOSITION OF THE NUCLEUS :

a nucleus consist of the number of protons and neutrons. protons and neutrons are collectively referred to as nucleons because they are found in the nucleus.

PROTONS AND NUCLEON NUMBER :

the protons number,Z, is defined as the number of proto

ns in a nucleus.

the nucleon number,A, is defined as the total number of protons and neutrons in a nucleus.

NUCLIDE

a nuclide is an atom of a particular structure. each element has nucleus with specific number of protons. for example, a helium nucleus always has 2 protons. carbon nucleus always has 6 protons.

ISOTOPES

isotopes are atoms with the same number of protons but difference number in nucleon number.

RADIOACTIVITY DECAY

radioactivity is the spontaneous and random disintegration of an unstable nucleus accompanied by the emission of energetic particles or photons.

after the discovery of radioactivity, scientist soon reliesed that there are more that three different type of radiation emitted from a radioactive n

ucleus, three of these are:

A) alpha

b) beta

C) gamma

DETECTORS OF RADIOACTIVE EMISSIONS

consist of four types :

A) golf leaf electroscope

B) cloud chamber

c) bubble chamber

radioactive is a very sensitive and easily to explode. we can see the nuclear reaction that occur in Chernobyl many years ago .

the story of CHERNOBYL DISASTER:

The Chernobyl disaster was a nuclear accident that occurred on 26 April 1986, at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in Ukraine(then in the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, part of the Soviet Union). It is considered the worst nuclear power plant accident in history and is the only level 7 event on the International Nuclear Event Scale.

The disaster occurred on 26 April 1986, at reactor number four at the Chernobyl plant, near the town of Pripyat in the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (USSR), during an unusual and (as carried out) unsafe systems test at low power. A sudden rapid growth in power output took place, and when an attempt was made for emergency shutdown, an unexpected and more extreme spike in power output occurred which led to a reactor vessel rupture and a series of explosions. This event exposed the graphite moderator components of the reactor to air and they ignited; the resulting fire sent a plume of radioactive fallout into the atmosphere and over an extensive geographical area, including Pripyat. The plume drifted over large parts of the western Soviet Union, Eastern Europe, Western Europe, and Northern Europe. Large areas in Ukraine, Belarus, and Russia had to be evacuated, with over 336,000 people resettled. According to official post-Soviet data, about 60% of the fallout landed in Belarus.

The accident raised concerns about the safety of the Soviet nuclear power industry as well as nuclear power in general, slowing its expansion for a number of years while forcing the Soviet government to become less secretive about its procedures.

The countries of Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus have been burdened with the continuing and substantial decontamination and health care costs of the Chernobyl accident. A 2005 report prepared by the Chernobyl Forum, led by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and World Health Organization (WHO), attributed "fewer than 50" direct deaths (including nine children with thyroid cancer) and estimated that there may be up to 4,000 additional cancer deaths over time among the approximately 600,000 most highly exposed people. Although the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone and certain limited areas remain off limits, the majority of affected areas are now considered safe for settlement and economic activity.

Radio-operated bulldozers being tested prior to use

Aerial view of the damaged core. Roof of the turbine hall is damaged (image center). Roof of the adjacent reactor 3 (image lower left) shows minor fire damage.

Abandoned housing blocks in Pripyat

The nuclear reactor after the disaster. Reactor 4 (center). Turbine building (lower left). Reactor 3 (center right).

The abandoned city of Pripyat with Chernobyl plant in the distance

(sources: wikipedia )

~ THE END~

thank for reading :)

LOGIC GATES

THE INPUTS OF LOGIC GATES :

many of our security lamps, alarm systems, and washing machines cam make some simple decisions. the switching off operations are controlled by electronic switches made up of logic gates.

look at the electric circuit in a computer, the possible inputs are "on" (1) and "off" (0) inputs. the processor can interpret these inputs and process the information into displays on the monitor. the computer can convert the inputs into every colourful pictures.

TYPE OF LOGIC GATES :

there have five types of logic gates.

A) NOT

B) AND

C) OR

D) NOR

E) NAND

for each gate, the input or inputs are on the left of the symbol. the output is on the right. each output can be either high (logic1) or low (logic 0). a binary "0" represent 0 V and a binary "1" represents a non zero voltage. the name of the gate gives a clue to which input signals are requires before high (logic1) signal is passed to the output.

TRUTH TABLE :

in the learning of logic gates, students should remember this truth table.

thank for reading :)

COMPUTER NETWORK AND COMMUNICATION.

there are four types of computer network :

1) PAN

A personal area network (PAN) is a computer network used for communication among computer devices (including telephones and personal digital assistants) close to one's person. The devices may or may not belong to the person in question. The reach of a PAN is typically a few meters. PANs can be used for communication among the personal devices themselves (intrapersonal communication), or for connecting to a higher level network and the Internet. Personal area networks may be wired with computer buses such as USB and FireWire.

2) VPN

A virtual private network (VPN) is a network that uses a public telecommunication infrastructure, such as the Internet, to provide remote offices or individual users with secure access to their organization's network. A virtual private network can be contrasted with an expensive system of owned or leased lines that can only be used by one organization. The goal of a VPN is to provide the organization with the same capabilities, but at a much lower cost.

3) WLAN

A wireless LAN (WLAN) is a wireless local area network that links two or more computers or devices using spread-spectrum or OFDM modulation technology based to enable communication between devices in a limited area. This gives users the mobility to move around within a broad coverage area and still be connected to the network.

4) WIMAX

WIMAX, meaning Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access, is a telecommunications technology that provides wireless transmission of data using a variety of transmission modes, from point-to-multipoint links to portable and fully mobile internet access. The technology provides up to 3 Mbit/s broadband speed without the need for cables. The technology is based on the IEEE 802.16 standard (also called Broadband Wireless Access). The name "WIMAX" was created by the WIMAX Forum, which was formed in June 2001 to promote conformity and interoperability of the standard. The forum describes WIMAX as "a standards-based technology enabling the delivery of last mile wireless broadband access as an alternative to cable and DSL.

thank for reading :)

HOW DO THE EARTHWORM AND GRASSHOPPER MOVE.?

EARTHWORM :

The earthworm has two muscle types . The outer layer contains the circular muscles, which causes the worm to get long and thin when they contract. The inner layer are the longitudinal muscles, which cause the worm to get short and thick when they contract. This is because the worm’s body is filled with fluid, which is pushed around by the force created from the contractions. Then, in almost all of the segments of the earthworm’s body, there are setae. They hook into the ground and allow the worm to pull itself forward as its muscle groups contract and relax.

GRASSHOPPER :

The grasshopper has powerful flight muscles, which are fastened to the exoskeleton at the thorax. The joint muscles work in pairs, meaning when one muscle contracts, the other relaxes. The contraction results in a bending of the joint and the relaxation results in the extending of the joint. The grasshopper can jump 20 times its body length. Speaking of its body, there are three major divisions – the head, thorax, and abdomen.

thank for reading :)